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Auden both wrote enthusiastic endorsements. When the books appeared- The Fellowship of the Ring and The Two Towers in 1954 and The Return of the King in 1955-they received mixed reviews, though C. This proved in time to be one of the most lucrative publishing contracts ever signed. But to further mitigate anticipated financial losses to the firm, Tolkien signed an unusual contract, in which he agreed to forgo any advance or royalties until the company had made a profit on the book, in exchange for receiving a hefty 50 percent of profits as royalties. Each of the six books had its own title in Tolkien’s manuscript. student Caroline Whitman Everett, wrote that “he only units of any structural significance are the books” (qtd. Tolkien himself was unhappy with the three-volume approach and, in a letter to M.A. Rayner Unwin, now a part of the business, decided to publish it in three volumes with separate titles, to be sold at 21 shillings apiece, hoping in that way to at least recover the cost of the printing, although he indicated he would be willing to lose perhaps £1,000 on the venture just to see the book in print. The expense of the publication would be significant, and there were a good many doubts about the books’s ability to find an audience.
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In fact, they were, though how to package and market the 1,200-page behemoth of a book was a problem. Finally, in 1952, Tolkien gave up on the idea of The Silmarillion’s publication and went back to Allen & Unwin, offering them the rights to The Lord of the Rings if they were still interested. But when Collins discovered that The Silmarillion was projected to be as long again as The Lord of the Rings, they dropped their interest in the project. By this time, however, he had become convinced that he wanted The Lord of the Rings published with The Silmarillion as a companion piece, and since Unwin had no interest in the latter text, Tolkien began negotiations with Collins to publish both books.
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Still, Tolkien took another two years to edit and revise the manuscript to remove any inconsistencies, so that it was not until the fall 1949, a full dozen years after its inception, that the book was ready. Rayner told his father that the book was “brilliant” and, though he was not sure who would read it, it needed to be published. When Rayner Unwin, his publisher’s son-who, as a 10-year-old, had recommended that his father publish The Hobbit-came to Oxford in 1947, Tolkien was comfortable enough to let him read the nearly finished draft of the whole work. By the end of the war, he had finished book 4. He took it up again in 1944, sending bits of it regularly to his son Christopher Tolkien, who was serving in the Royal Air Force. By the time he was invited to give his Andrew Lang lecture “On Fairy-Stories” in 1939, he was more sure of the serious direction the narrative was about to take.ĭuring the first years of World War II, Tolkien worked on his manuscript, juggling his other responsibilities until he was completely bogged down in 1943 and ceased working on the manuscript altogether. Tolkien had tried to interest his publisher in The Silmarillion, but they were not enthusiastic about that unwieldy text instead, they were looking for “a new Hobbit.” In 1938, Tolkien presented them with the opening chapter, “A Long-Expected Party,” and they were eager to see more, though at that time even Tolkien was unsure what shape the narrative would take. The text began as a sequel to the very successful The Hobbit, which Allen & Unwin had published in 1937.
At least a third of the books’ sales have been recently inspired by Peter Jackson’s enormously popular film adaptations of the narrative. Precise figures are impossible to come by because of the text’s many translations and editions, but the trilogy undoubtedly ranks with a handful of texts just below the Bible, the works of Chairman Mao, and the Koran in sales. It is one of the best-selling books in the world, having sold an estimated 150 million copies since its first inception. It has also been translated into virtually every European language, as well as most major Asian languages. In the more than 50 years since the trilogy’s initial publication, it has been republished several times, most notably in a second, revised edition with a new preface in 1965. The Lord of the Rings is the crowning achievement of Tolkien’s literary career, and the one narrative by which he is chiefly remembered and admired. Analysis of The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ringīy NASRULLAH MAMBROL on Febru